Quote by Ferreira Gullar: “Poetry is the last refuge of what resists being useful.”

Gullar suggests that poetry, by its nature, resists being reduced to mere utility or practical purpose in a world obsessed with functionality. It maintains its value precisely because it exists for its own sake.

During Brazil's military dictatorship, when art was often censored or pressured to serve political ends, Gullar, initially a Concrete Poet, championed art's autonomy and its ability to resist instrumentalization.

Brazilian poet and art critic, winner of the Camões Prize in 2010, whose work moves between concrete poetry and urgent political verse. His long poem Dirty Poem, written in exile in Buenos Aires while fleeing Brazil's military dictatorship, is considered a masterpiece of Brazilian literature.