Czesław Miłosz

Poet, Novelist & Essayist

(1911 – 2004) · Eastern Europe

Polish-American poet, novelist, and essayist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1980. A witness to the Nazi occupation of Poland and postwar communism, his work grappled constantly with history, moral responsibility, and the survival of the human spirit. The Captive Mind remains one of the most important political essays of the twentieth century.